As the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, Clostridium difficile colonizes the large
bowel of patients undergoing antibiotic therapy and produces two toxins, which cause …

By screening possible ADP-ribosyltransferase activities in culture supernatants from various
Clostridium species, we have found one Clostridium difficile strain (CD196)(isolated in our …

Clostridium botulinum C3 is a recently discovered exoenzyme that ADP‐ribosylates a
eukaryotic GTP‐binding protein of the ras superfamily. We show now that the bacterially …

The contribution of toxin B to Clostridium difficile-associated infection is undefined. Toxin B
induces dramatic phenotypic alterations (cytotoxic effects) in cultured mesenchymal and …

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is principally responsible for hospital acquired, antibiotic-
induced diarrhea and colitis and represents a significant financial burden on our healthcare …

Clostridium difficile toxin B exhibits cytotoxic activity that is characterized by the disruption of
the microfilamental cytoskeleton. Here we studied whether the GTP-binding Rho protein …

The nonstructural NSP4 protein of rotavirus has been described as the first viral enterotoxin.
In this study we have examined the effect of NSP4 on polarized epithelial cells (MDCK-1) …

Enterotoxin A is one of the major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, and the causative
agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. In cell culture (NIH-3T3, rat …

Small G proteins or GTPases comprise a growing family of signal transduction molecules
with inducible properties dependent upon reversible interactions with guanine nucleotides …

Clostridioides difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen that produces toxins to cause life-
threatening diarrhea and colitis. Toxins bind to epithelial receptors and promote the collapse …