Chemical methods of synthesis of materials play a crucial role in the design and discovery of
new materials, and also provide better and less cumbersome methods for preparing known …

This is an introduction to the philosophy and use of OBJ, emphasizing its oper-ational
semantics, with aspects of its history and its logical semantics. Release 2 of OBJ3 is …

We now turn our attention to applying the theory of refinement to Object-Z. In this chapter we
adapt the existing refinement rules to Object-Z specifications consisting of a single class …

This paper addresses the frame problem for programming theories that support both sharing
and encapsulation through specification variables. The concept of dynamic frames is …

Formal methods are becoming more accepted in both academia and industry as one
possible way in which to help improve the quality of both software and hardware systems. It …

An overview of the behavioral interface specification language Larch/C++ is presented. The
features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including …

The design of many popular object-oriented languages like Smalltalk, Eiffel, or Sather
follows a certain trend: The class is the only structuring form. In this paper, the need for …

Time is ubiquitous in information systems. Almost every enterprise faces the problem of its
data becoming out of date. However, such data is often valu able, so it should be archived …

Tools for formally specifying software for real-time systems have strongly improved their
capabilities in recent years. At present, tools have the potential for improving software quality …

Formal methods for software development are becoming increasingly necessary as software
becomes an important part of everyday life. To handle the complexities inherent in …