The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an
increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical …

The conversion of grape sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide is the primary biochemical
reaction in alcoholic wine fermentation, but microbial interactions, as well as complex …

During the last decades a considerable amount of research has been focused on cancer.
Recently, tumor cell metabolism has been considered as a possible target for cancer …

The traditional use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in alcoholic fermentation has,
over time, resulted in substantial accumulated knowledge concerning genetics, physiology …

In living cells, growth is the result of coupling between substrate catabolism and multiple
metabolic processes that take place during net biomass formation and maintenance …

High alcohol concentrations reduce the complexity of wine sensory properties. In addition,
health and economic drivers have the wine industry actively seeking technologies that …

Respiratory metabolism plays an important role in energy production in the form of ATP in all
aerobically growing cells. However, a limitation in respiratory capacity results in overflow …

The electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms contains a mixture of
common and specialised components. The specialised enzymes form branches to the …

Previous attempts to manipulate oil synthesis in plants have mainly concentrated on the
genes involved in the biosynthesis and use of fatty acids, neglecting the possible role of …

Both engineering and evolution are constrained by trade-offs between efficiency and
robustness, but theory that formalizes this fact is limited. For a simple two-state model of …