The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize evidence of the epidemiology of and
risk factors for kidney cancer with a focus on renal cell carcinoma in adults. The etiology of …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular
physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have …

Objective To determine whether the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEIs), compared with use of angiotensin receptor blockers, is associated with an …

Introduction Controversy exists about an association between angiotensin-converting-
enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and thiazides (TZs) and …

Breast cancer metastasis is a leading cause of death by malignancy in women worldwide.
Efforts are being made to further characterize the rate-limiting steps of cancer metastasis, ie …

Arterial hypertension and cancer are two of the most important causes of mortality in the
world; correlations between these two clinical entities are complex and various. Cancer …

Hypertension, which often exists as a comorbid condition in cancer patients, is considered
as a factor affecting cancer progression. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an …

Epidemiological studies document strong associations between acute or chronic kidney
injury and kidney tumors. However, whether these associations are linked by causation, and …

The two major classes of drugs that target the RAS are the angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors and the selective AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs). Although both of these …

For numerous years, the non‑cardiovascular role of the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS) was
underestimated, but recent studies have advanced the understanding of its function in …