Introduction: There is a major epidemic of obesity, and many obese patients suffer with
respiratory symptoms and disease. The overall impact of obesity on lung function is …

It is well known that breathing introduces rhythmical oscillations in the heart rate and arterial
pressure levels. Sympathetic oscillations coupled to the respiratory activity have been …

Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and
product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the …

Astrocytes support neuronal function by providing essential structural and nutritional
support, neurotransmitter trafficking and recycling and may also contribute to brain …

The hypothalamus is a higher center of the autonomic nervous system and maintains
essential body homeostasis including respiration. The paraventricular nucleus, perifornical …

Rationale: Leptin treats upper airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation in leptin-
deficient ob/ob mice. However, obese humans and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) are …

The global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has become a complex
problem that overlaps with a growing public health problem, obesity. Obesity alters different …

Breathing is coupled to metabolism. Leptin, a peptide mainly secreted in proportion to
adipose tissue mass, increases energy expenditure with a parallel increase in breathing. We …

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as daytime hypercapnia in obese
individuals in the absence of other underlying causes. In the United States, OHS is present …

Key points Leptin is a potent respiratory stimulant. A long functional isoform of leptin
receptor, LepRb, was detected in the carotid body (CB), a key peripheral hypoxia sensor …