Species are fundamental units in biological research and can be defined on the basis of
various operational criteria. There has been growing use of molecular approaches for …

Understanding how differences in cognition evolve is one of the critical goals in cognitive
ecology [1–5]. In food-caching species that rely on memory to recover caches, enhanced …

In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from
research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how …

Many studies propose that Quaternary climatic cycles contracted and/or expanded the
ranges of species and biomes. Strong expansion–contraction dynamics of biomes presume …

Most phylogenies are typically represented as purely bifurcating. However, as genomic data
have become more common in phylogenetic studies, it is not unusual to find reticulation …

Abstract The South American Dry Diagonal, also called the Diagonal of Open Formations, is
a large region of seasonally dry vegetation extending from northeastern Brazil to northern …

The southeastern Nearctic is a biodiversity hotspot that is also rich in cryptic species.
Numerous hypotheses (eg, vicariance, local adaptation, and Pleistocene speciation in …

We provide an updated list of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Ceará, northeastern
Brazil, with information on species distribution patterns and conservation priority areas. Data …

Aim Phylogeographic studies show how historical and current changes in landscapes shape
the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in species of animals and plants. In particular …

The Caatinga is one of the few semiarid regions in the subtropical zone surrounded by
humid areas. Its fauna was previously considered impoverished and with few endemics, but …