In the cell, as in vitro, the final conformation of a protein is determined by its amino-acid
sequence. But whereas some isolated proteins can be denatured and refolded in vitro in the …

Eukaryotic cells contain an elegant protein quality control system that is crucial in
maintaining cellular homeostasis; however, dysfunction of this system results in …

The ubiquitous molecular chaperone Hsp90 makes up 1–2% of cytosolic proteins and is
required for viability in eukaryotes. Hsp90 affects the folding and activation of a wide variety …

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of structurally related enzymes which
catalyze disulfide bonds formation, reduction, or isomerization of newly synthesized proteins …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its specialized subcompartments such as the
sarcoplasmic reticulum, is the main dynamic Ca 2+ storage compartment of the cell. Key …

The mammalian protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI) family encompasses several highly
divergent proteins that are involved in the processing and maturation of secretory proteins in …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that is responsible for many essential
subcellular processes. Interconnected narrow tubules at the periphery and thicker sheet-like …

GTP phosphorylation of rough microsomes in vitro is limited to four integral membrane
proteins. Two of these, a phosphoprotein (pp90) and a phosphoglycoprotein (pgp35) were …

Thiol proteins may potentially act as redox signaling adaptor proteins, adjusting reactive
oxygen species intermediates to specific signals and redox signals to cell homeostasis. In …

The metazoan endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves both as a hub for maturation of secreted
proteins and as an intracellular calcium storage compartment, facilitating calcium-release …