Circulating adiponectin concentrations are reduced in obese individuals, and this reduction
has been proposed to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and …

The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell
adhesion, ie, the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting …

Immune cell infiltration in (white) adipose tissue (AT) during obesity is associated with the
development of insulin resistance. In AT, the main population of leukocytes are …

Circulating levels of undercarboxylated and bioactive osteocalcin double during aerobic
exercise at the time levels of insulin decrease. In contrast, circulating levels of osteocalcin …

Although the brain has been considered an insulin-insensitive organ, recent reports on the
location of insulin and its receptors in the brain have introduced new ways of considering …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical disorders including an unhealthy body
habitus with a large waistline, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. It is …

Over the last decade, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating a close link
between metabolism and immunity. It is now clear that obesity is associated with a state of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects millions of people globally and, for most patients, the
risk of developing cardiovascular disease is higher than that of progression to kidney failure …

Triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in adipose tissue (AT) can be rapidly mobilized by the hydrolytic
action of the three main lipases of the adipocyte. The non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) …

Nearly unlimited supplies of energy-dense foods and technologies that encourage
sedentary behaviour have introduced a new threat to the survival of our species: obesity and …