Lipids in biological membranes are asymmetrically distributed across the bilayer; the amine-
containing phospholipids are enriched on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane …

The biosynthesis of glycoconjugates such as N-glycoproteins and GPI-anchored proteins in
eukaryotes and cell wall peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide in bacteria requires lipid …

Mimicking enzyme function and increasing performance of naturally evolved proteins is one
of the most challenging and intriguing aims of nanoscience. Here, we employ DNA …

Modification of lipid A with the 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) moiety is required for
resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli and …

The Pgp (P-glycoprotein) multidrug transporter, which is linked to multidrug resistance in
human cancers, functions as an efflux pump for non-polar drugs, powered by the hydrolysis …

Since phospholipid synthesis is generally confined to one leaflet of a membrane, membrane
growth requires phospholipid translocation (flip-flop). It is generally assumed that this …

The rapid movement of polar lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other is facilitated by
lipid flippases or translocases. Although their activity was first observed over 30 years ago …

Biogenic membranes contain the enzymes that synthesize the cell's membrane lipids, of
which the phospholipids are the most widespread throughout nature. Being synthesized at …

Transbilayer movement, or flip-flop, of lipids across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is
required for membrane biogenesis, protein glycosylation, and GPI anchoring. Specific ER …

The MsbA protein is an essential ABC (ATP-binding-cassette) superfamily member in Gram-
negative bacteria. This 65 kDa membrane protein is thought to function as a homodimeric …