Protein instability caused by exposure to external additives or severe stress may result in
different diseases. Of these diseases, many are triggered by protein misfolding and …

Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules originate from
damaged cells and tissues with the ability to trigger and/or modify innate immune responses …

Since the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, a great effort has been made to understand
this serious disease. Thousands of studies are being devoted to understanding its …

Ferroptosis is a form of oxidative cell death and has become a chemotherapeutic target for
cancer treatment. BAY 11–7085 (BAY), which is a well-known IκBα inhibitor, suppressed …

Background: A key role of oxidative stress has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of
COVID-19. However, little has been said about oxidative stress status (OSS) of COVID-19 …

Objective This paper is a proposal for an update of the iron hypothesis of Alzheimer's
disease (AD), based on large‐scale emerging evidence. Background Iron featured …

Protoporphyrin IX iron complex (heme) is an important cofactor for oxygen transfer, oxygen
storage, oxygen activation, and electron transfer when bound to the heme proteins …

Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as
hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the …

Despite advances in diagnostic tools and therapeutic options, treatment resistance remains
a challenge for many cancer patients. Recent studies have found evidence that autophagy …

Vascular diseases are multifactorial, often requiring multiple challenges, or 'hits', for their
initiation. Intra-vascular hemolysis illustrates well the multiple-hit theory where a first event …