Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Abstract Treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has evolved considerably in
the last years. The standard of care (SOC) for HCV infection consists in the combination of …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 3% of the world's population. Treatment of chronic HCV
consists of a combination of PEGylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV). To …

Molecular diagnostics, the use of diagnostic testing to understand the molecular
mechanisms of an individual patient's disease, will be pivotal in the delivery of safe and …

End-stage liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading
cause for liver transplantation (LT). Due to viral evasion from host immune responses and …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health issue globally. Owing to the progress
made in host genetics and HCV molecular virology, emerging data have suggested that the …

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) are potent and
highly efficacious. However, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) relevant to DAAs …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)
are the most prevalent deadly chronic viral diseases. HIV is treated by small molecule …

HIV‐induced immune suppression results in the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS‐associated
malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. HIV …

Background Patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) require significantly
different durations of therapy and achieve substantially different sustained virologic …