Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established procedure for the symptomatic treatment of
Parkinson's disease. Several deep brain nuclei have been stimulated, producing a wide …

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established treatment
for motor complications in Parkinson's disease. 20 years of experience with this procedure …

Apathy has been reported to occur after subthalamic nucleus stimulation, a treatment of
motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease. We carried out a prospective study of …

Dopamine is an essential neurotransmitter for many brain functions, and its dysfunction has
been implicated in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Parkinson's disease is an …

Importance Selection of the best deep brain stimulation (DBS) target—subthalamic nucleus
(STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi)—for treatment of motor complications in Parkinson …

Addictions to dopaminergic drugs or to pleasant behaviours are frequent and potentially
devastating neuropsychiatric disorders observed in Parkinson's disease. They encompass …

Functional stereotaxy was introduced in the late 1940s to reduce the morbidity of lobotomy
in psychiatric disease by using more focal lesions. The advent of neuroleptics led to a drastic …

Only a few years after the introduction of levodopa, the first descriptions of motor fluctuations
and dyskinesia related to dopaminergic therapy appeared. In PD, attention turned to their …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive,
neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and other nonmotor symptoms. The efficacy of deep brain …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an adjustable, reversible, non-destructive neurosurgical
intervention using implanted electrodes to deliver electrical pulses to areas in the brain. DBS …