Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

Estrogen has a dramatic effect on musculoskeletal function. Beyond the known relationship
between estrogen and bone, it directly affects the structure and function of other …

BACKGROUND. The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in body
composition or weight remains uncertain. We hypothesized that, independent of …

Previous studies have identified over 3,000 genes that are differentially expressed in male
and female skeletal muscle. Here, we review the sex-based differences in skeletal muscle …

Skeletal muscle health is a strong predictor of overall health and longevity. Pathologies
affecting skeletal muscle such as cancer cachexia, intensive care unit treatment, muscular …

Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss
of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle …

Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass throughout the life course is key for the regulation of
health, with physical activity a critical component of this, in part, due to its influence upon key …

Due to increased longevity, women can expect to live more than one-third of their lives in a
post-menopausal state, which is characterised by low circulating levels of oestrogen and …

Sex differences in exercise physiology, such as substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle
fatigability, stem from inherent biological factors, including endogenous hormones and …

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth secreted by skeletal myocytes. In
the past years, myostatin inhibition sparked interest among the scientific community for its …