Hemodynamic monitoring is a cornerstone in the assessment of patients with circulatory
shock. Timely recognition of hemodynamic compromise and proper optimisation is essential …

Closed-loop drug delivery systems are autonomous computers able to administer
medication in response to changes in physiological parameters (controlled variables). While …

Background Individualized hemodynamic management during surgery relies on accurate
titration of vasopressors and fluids. In this context, computer systems have been developed …

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently after liver transplant surgery and is
associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While the impact of intraoperative …

BACKGROUND: Vasopressors are a cornerstone for the management of vasodilatory
hypotension. Vasopressor infusions are currently adjusted manually to achieve a predefined …

Myocardial injury is a frequent complication of surgical patients after having non-cardiac
surgery that is strongly associated with perioperative mortality. While intraoperative …

Critically ill patients are carefully and closely monitored to assess the nature and severity of
their disease process and to assess the need for and impact of different therapies. All organs …

Physiological closed-loop control (PCLC) systems are a key enabler for automation and
clinician support in medicine, including, but not limited to, patient monitoring, diagnosis …

Anesthesiology and intensive care medicine provide fertile ground for innovation in
automation, but to date we have only achieved preliminary studies in closed-loop …

Intravenous (IV) fluids and vasopressor agents are key components of hemodynamic
management. Since their introduction, their use in the perioperative setting has continued to …