Ecological stoichiometry has generated new insights into how the balance of elements
affects ecological interactions and ecosystem processes, but little is known about the …

Function-valued traits—phenotypes whose expression depends on a continuous index
(such as age, temperature, or space)—occur throughout biology and, like any trait, it is …

Phylogenetic comparative methods offer a suite of tools for studying trait evolution. However,
most models inherently assume fixed trait values within species. Although some methods …

Temperature influences the expression of a wide range of behavioral traits in ectotherms,
including many involved in the initiation of pair formation and mating. Although opportunities …

The phylogenetic comparative method (PCM) has an important place in evolutionary
biology. This chapter aims at giving an overview on some selected topics. We first review …

The historical and geographical spread from older to more modern languages has long
been studied by examining textual changes and in terms of changes in phonetic …

Predicting how insects will react to future thermal conditions requires understanding how
temperature currently affects insect behavior, from performance traits to those involved in …

Many questions in ecology and evolutionary biology consider response variables that are
functions (eg species‐abundance distributions) rather than a single scalar value (eg species …

Water limitation is a primary driver of plant geographic distributions and individual plant
fitness. Drought resistance is the ability to survive and reproduce despite limited water, and …

Premise of research. Phylogenetic comparative methods provide a powerful approach for
exploring the macroevolution of plant functional traits. Such approaches can uncover trait …