(1) Background: internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVthr) is a potentially life-threating
disease but no comprehensive reviews on etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and current …

Background The elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants
of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and …

There is increasing interest in understanding the physiology of the extracellular fluid
compartments in the central nervous system and their dynamic interaction. Such interest has …

The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins
remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such …

Purpose: To evaluate if jugular vein flow restoration in various venographic defects
indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background Causes of the nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (na-SAH) are still
debated. Many studies confirmed the possible involvement of the intracranial venous …

Objectives To determine the site and nature of altered hemodynamics in pathological
internal jugular veins. Method With the use of computational fluid mechanics software we …

Styloid Jugular Nutcracker (SJN, also known as Eagle Jugular Syndrome EJS) derives from
a jugular stenosis caused by an abnormal styloid process, compressing the vessel in its …

In the last ten years, a new variant of Eagle Syndrome is emerging and being described:
Styloid Jugular Nutcracker (SJN). In SJN, an elongated or vertically directed styloid process …

Cerebral physiology and pathology are still frequently missing a comprehensive explanation
and a complete description, but new data and hypothesis are emerging on a daily basis …