The yeast two-hybrid system pioneered the field of in vivo protein-protein interaction
methods and undisputedly gave rise to a palette of ingenious techniques that are constantly …

A nature-inspired solution (NIS) methodology is proposed as a systematic platform for
innovation and to inform transformative technology required to address Grand Challenges …

Efforts to map the Escherichia coli interactome have identified several hundred
macromolecular complexes, but direct binary protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have not …

One-third of the 4,225 protein-coding genes of Escherichia coli K-12 remain functionally
unannotated (orphans). Many map to distant clades such as Archaea, suggesting …

In spite of its immutable susceptibility to penicillin, Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) subsp.
pallidum continues to cause millions of cases of syphilis each year worldwide, resulting in …

Mathematical models are an important tool to explain and comprehend complex
phenomena, and unparalleled computational advances enable us to easily explore them …

Background The yaws treponemes, Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue (TPE) strains, are
closely related to syphilis causing strains of Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (TPA). Both …

Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum
subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and …

Distinct cellular functions are executed by separate groups of proteins, organized into
complexes or functional modules, which are ultimately interconnected in cell-wide protein …

The mammalian immune system is a dynamic multiscale system composed of a
hierarchically organized set of molecular, cellular, and organismal networks that act in …