Information is created, processed, transported, and detected using electrons, photons,
phonons, or plasmons. Of these basic components of information technology, utilization of …

This paper is divided into two major parts. Following a brief introduction that establishes
some definitions and assumptions, Section II updates our earlier study on the limits of the RF …

Efficient electro-optic (EO) modulators crucially rely on advanced materials that exhibit
strong electro-optic activity and that can be integrated into high-speed and efficient phase …

A low voltage operation electro-optic modulator is critical for applications ranging from
optical communications to an analog photonic link. This paper reports a hybrid silicon nitride …

Fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized our telecommunication
infrastructures–currently, almost all telephone land-line, cellular, and internet …

In this brief review, nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores widely used in electro-optic (EO)
devices are summarized according to their EO coefficients. The advances of EO modulators …

Electro–optic (EO) modulators are typically made from inorganic materials such as LiNbO3,
but replacing them with organic EO materials, that is, ones with optical properties that …

In this paper we address a significant limitation of silicon as an optical material, namely, the
upper bound of its potential modulation frequency. This arises due to finite carrier mobility …

Electro-optic modulators are key elements in high-speed optical telecommunication links
and preferably rely on materials with a linear electro-optic effect. Choosing adequate …

Reflecting changes in the field in the ten years since the publication of the first edition, The
Handbook of Photonics, Second Edition explores recent advances that have affected this …