Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful and disruptive area of computer science, with the
potential to fundamentally transform the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare …

A decade of unprecedented progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated the
potential for many fields—including medicine—to benefit from the insights that AI techniques …

Purpose Foundation models are a novel type of artificial intelligence algorithms, in which
models are pretrained at scale on unannotated data and fine-tuned for a myriad of …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The risk
of DR progression is highly variable among different individuals, making it difficult to predict …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, and is a
problem with significant global health impact. Major advances in diagnostics, technology …

The use of fundus images for the early screening of eye diseases is of great clinical
importance. Due to its powerful performance, deep learning is becoming more and more …

Background Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic, progressive ocular disease
causing loss of the optic nerve rim and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with associated …

Health data that are publicly available are valuable resources for digital health research.
Several public datasets containing ophthalmological imaging have been frequently used in …

The advent of computer graphic processing units, improvement in mathematical models and
availability of big data has allowed artificial intelligence (AI) using machine learning (ML) …

Retinal blood vessels provide information on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here,
we report the development and validation of deep-learning models for the automated …