The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

Locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program and
feedback mechanisms. The central program relies fundamentally on a genetically …

Locomotion is a fundamental motor function common to the animal kingdom. It is
implemented episodically and adapted to behavioural needs, including exploration, which …

Locomotion is a universal behaviour that provides animals with the ability to move between
places. Classical experiments have used electrical microstimulation to identify brain regions …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) has been initially identified as a supraspinal
center capable of initiating and modulating locomotion. Whereas its functional contribution to …

Translating the behavioural output of the nervous system into movement involves interaction
between brain and spinal cord. The brainstem provides an essential bridge between the two …

The different neural control systems involved in goal-directed vertebrate locomotion are
reviewed. They include not only the central pattern generator networks in the spinal cord that …

Instead of using empirical functions, it is also possible to deduce the functional form of the
voltage dependence of the rate constants from thermodynamics and in particular from the …

Neurons in the brainstem implicated in the initiation of locomotion include glutamatergic,
noradrenergic (NA), dopaminergic (DA), and serotonergic (5-HT) neurons giving rise to …

Anatomically incomplete spinal cord injuries are often followed by considerable functional
recovery in patients and animal models, largely because of processes of neuronal plasticity …