Lotka's seminal work (Lotka AJ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 6 (1920) 410)" on certain
rhythmic relations" is already one hundred years old, but the research activity about pattern …

The persistence of biodiversity of species is a challenging proposition in ecological
communities in the face of Darwinian selection. The present article investigates beyond the …

Complex systems in ecological science can be generally defined by either the number of
different species or the structure among species having many relations, and understanding …

We study generalised rock–paper–scissors models with an arbitrary odd number N≥ 5 of
species, among which n are weak, with 2≤ n≤(N− 1)/2. Because of the species' weakness …

We revisit the problem of the predominance of the “weakest” species in the context of Lotka-
Volterra and May-Leonard formulations of a spatial stochastic rock-paper-scissors model in …

We study a class of the stochastic May-Leonard models, with three species dominating each
other in a cyclic nonhierarchical way, according to the rock-paper-scissors game. We …

Recognizing territories is essential to decide behavior of population either human or
animals, and interaction between groups or individuals according to the territorial …

A balanced ecosystem with coexisting constituent species is often perturbed by different
natural events that persist only for a finite duration of time. What becomes important is …

In ecosystems, cooperative behavior is universal and can dramatically improve a species'
chances of survival. Nevertheless, the situations that can occur when different species with …

Cyclically competition models have been successful to gain an insight of biodiversity
mechanism in ecosystems. There are, however, still limitations to elucidate complex …