Eastern Africa exhibits bimodal rainfall consisting of long rains (March–May) and short rains
(October–December), changes in which have profound socioeconomic and environmental …

We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Observed surface temperature trends over recent decades are characterized by (a)
intensified warming in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool and slight cooling in the eastern …

Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of
around 7%/° C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are …

Droughts of the future are likely to be more frequent, severe, and longer lasting than they
have been in recent decades, but drought risks will be lower if greenhouse gas emissions …

Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …

Since global reanalysis datasets first appeared in the 1990s, they have become an essential
tool to understand the climate of the past. The wind power industry uses those products …

The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …