We study the problem of building non-interactive proof systems modularly by linking small
specialized" gadget" SNARKs in a lightweight manner. Our motivation is both theoretical and …

We survey the state-of-the-art non-interactive zero-knowledge argument schemes and their
applications in confidential transactions and private smart contracts on blockchain. The main …

Zero-knowledge middleboxes (ZKMBs) are a recent paradigm in which clients get privacy
and middleboxes enforce policy: clients prove in zero knowledge that the plaintext …

Succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (SNARKs) enable non-interactive efficient
verification of NP computations and admit short proofs. However, all current SNARK …

The increasing diversity of Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios and explosive
growth of access devices have brought more frequent exchanges of resources between …

We consider the problem of proving in zero knowledge that an element of a public set
satisfies a given property without disclosing the element, ie, for some u,“u∈ S and P (u) …

Abstract Proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols are emerging as one of the most promising
alternative to the wasteful proof-of-work (PoW) protocols for consensus in Blockchains (or …

Network provenance is essential for Internet-of-Things (IoT) network administrators to
conduct the network diagnostics and identify root causes of network errors. However, the …

An accumulator is a cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to succinctly commit to a set
of values while being able to provide proofs of (non-) membership. A batch proof is an …

The lack of privacy in the first generation of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.
is a well known problem in cryptocurrency research. To overcome this problem, several new …