Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the
formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding …

The human skeleton has remarkable regenerative properties, being one of the few
structures in the body that can heal by recreating its normal cellular composition, orientation …

Vascular calcification is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and
atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to be an active process …

Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people
worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various …

Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to
the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte …

The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and
gene‐targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell‐specific investigations of skeletal …

Bone defect repair is a challenging clinical problem in musculoskeletal system, especially in
orthopaedic disorders such as steroid associated osteonecrosis (SAON). Magnesium (Mg) …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling
has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that
belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially …