The subthalamic nucleus and the external pallidum (GPe) are classically viewed as part of
the so-called indirect pathway, which acts in concert with the direct pathway. The direct and …

A model of basal ganglia functioning proposed a few years ago suggests that increased and
decreased activity in basal ganglia output to the thalamus underlies akinesia, as seen in …

Beta oscillations (∼ 13 to 30 Hz) have been observed during many perceptual, cognitive,
and motor processes in a plethora of brain recording studies. Although the function of beta …

Local field potentials and pairs of neurones in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of patients
with Parkinson's disease show high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) at 15–30 Hz. This study …

It has been hypothesized that in Parkinson's disease (PD) there is increased
synchronization of neuronal firing in the basal ganglia. This study examines the discharge …

The subthalamic nucleus–globus pallidus network plays a central role in basal ganglia
function and dysfunction. To determine whether the relationship between activity in this …

Depleted of dopamine, the dynamics of the parkinsonian brain impact on both 'action'and
'resting'motor behaviour. Deep brain stimulation has become an established means of …

A comprehensive characterization of the afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus of
Luys (STN) is a necessary step in the unraveling of extrapyramidal mechanisms. In the …

One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to
other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by …

Electrophysiological records of unit activity were used to compare the effects of excitotoxic
pallidal lesions and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage to the midbrain dopaminergic …