I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune
responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Knowledge of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology may directly impact patient care:
aiding patient identification and establishing accurate diagnosis as well as informing …

Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

The methodology for EPOS2012 has been the same as for the other two productions.
Leaders in the field were invited to critically appraise the literature and write a report on a …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a public health problem that has a significant socio-
economic impact. Moreover, the complexity of this disease due to its heterogeneous nature …

After more than two decades of research into phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors,
roflumilast (3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxy-N-[3, 5-di-chloropyrid-4-yl]-benzamide) …

The lung is one of the most important organs exposed to environmental agents. People
spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, and risks to health may thus be greater from …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic medical
conditions, with a significant impact on patient quality of life. CRS is broadly classified into …

Background: Environmental factors such as inhaled pollutants like cigarette smoke may play
a significant role in diseases of the upper airway including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The …