The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose
homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease that is caused by a complex interplay between
genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. While the major environmental factors, diet …

Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are complex metabolic traits and key risk
factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. They result from the interplay of …

A medical syndrome is a clustering of clinical findings that occur together more often than
would be expected by chance. The constellation of components that make up the metabolic …

The pineal hormone melatonin has attracted great scientific interest since its discovery in
1958. Despite the enormous number of basic and clinical studies the exact role of melatonin …

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Currently, approximately 537 million
adults (20–79 years) have diabetes, and the total number of people with diabetes is …

Through genome-wide association meta-analyses of up to 133,010 individuals of European
ancestry without diabetes, including individuals newly genotyped using the Metabochip, we …

Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is
present in most prediabetic (preDM) individuals. Insulin resistance has both heritable and …

The presentation and underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is complex and
heterogeneous. Recent studies attempted to stratify T2D into distinct subgroups using data …

Evidence is accumulating regarding the importance of circadian core oscillators, several
associated factors, and melatonin signaling in the maintenance of health. Dysfunction of …