Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is thought to play a central role in the
development of multiple sclerosis (MS). If causal, it represents a target for interventions to …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease that develops as an interplay between
the immune system and environmental stimuli in genetically susceptible individuals. There is …

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors …

SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B),
collectively termed HHV-6A/B, are neurotropic viruses that permanently infect most humans …

Background The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is crucial to multiple
sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are endogenous …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are chronic degenerative diseases of the central
nervous system (CNS), which affect 37 million people worldwide. As the lifespan increases …

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that infects the peripheral and central
nervous systems. After primary infection in epithelial cells, HSV-1 spreads retrogradely to the …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute 5–8% of human genomic DNA and are
replication incompetent despite expression of individual HERV genes from different …

Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with chronic inflammation in the brain
and periphery giving rise to a continuous imbalance of immune processes. Next to …

Numerous studies relate the onset and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) with viral
infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which is neurotropic and highly prevalent in …