Life-history traits or “fitness components”—such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and
fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span—are the major phenotypic determinants …

Evolve and resequence (E&R) experiments use experimental evolution to adapt populations
to a novel environment, then next-generation sequencing to analyse genetic changes. They …

Experimental evolution systems allow the genomic study of adaptation, and so far this has
been done primarily in asexual systems with small genomes, such as bacteria and yeast …

We provide the first review of phylogenetic transitions in parental care and live bearing for a
wide variety of vertebrates. This includes new analyses of both numbers of transitions and …

Evolutionary developmental biology has encouraged a change of research emphasis from
the sorting of phenotypic variation by natural selection to the production of that variation …

Developmental bias, or genetic channeling, can influence the tempo and direction of
evolution and, thus, become reflected in patterns of biodiversity. Twenty years ago, this …

The genomic basis of adaptation to novel environments is a fundamental problem in
evolutionary biology that has gained additional importance in the light of the recent global …

Abstract “Dollo's law” states that, following loss, a complex trait cannot reevolve in an
identical manner. Although the law has previously fallen into disrepute, it has only recently …

Energy availability can limit the ability of organisms to survive under stressful conditions. In
Drosophila, laboratory experiments have revealed that energy storage patterns differ …

Evolutionary responses to the long-term exploitation of individuals from a population may
include reduced growth rate, age at maturation, body size and productivity. Theoretical …