In adult mammals, massive sudden loss of cardiomyocytes after infarction overwhelms the
limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium, resulting in the formation of a collagen …

Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor
prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence …

Heart disease is a leading cause of death with unmet clinical needs for targeted treatment
options. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) represents a master pro-inflammatory cytokine …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Proinflammatory cytokines are consistently elevated in
congestive heart failure. In the current review, we provide an overview on the current …

High levels of circulating catecholamines cause cardiac injury, pathological remodeling, and
heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we provide both in vitro …

Ischemic heart disease is the principal cause of death worldwide and clinically manifests as
myocardial infarction (MI), stable angina, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial …

Cardiac hypertrophy, initiated by a variety of physiological or pathological stimuli
(hemodynamic or hormonal stimulation or infarction), is a critical early adaptive …

Recently, exercise has been recommended as a part of lifestyle modification for all
hypertensive patients; however, the precise mechanisms of its effects on hypertension are …

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease; however, the indeterminate
nature of mechanisms by which OA develops has restrained advancement of therapeutic …

Rationale: Mitochondria are important cellular organelles and play essential roles in
maintaining cell structure and function. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to …