Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids.
They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain a specific composition of proteins, lipids,
RNA, and DNA. They are derived from endocytic membranes and can transfer signals to …

Exosomes play essential roles in intercellular communications. The exosome was
discovered in 1983, when it was found that reticulocytes release 50-nm small vesicles …

The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional
cell–cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication …

Abstract Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cancer cells sharing
similar characteristics as normal stem or progenitor cells such as self-renewal ability and …

It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating
tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before …

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular
communication between tumor cells and stromal cells in local and distant …

Primary tumors create a favorable microenvironment, namely, pre-metastatic niche, in
secondary organs and tissue sites for subsequent metastases. The pre-metastatic niche can …

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, is a
phenomenon shared by many cell types as a means of communicating with other cells and …