The elaboration and diversification of sexually selected weapons remain poorly understood.
We argue that progress in this topic has been hindered by a strong bias in sexual selection …

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful quantitative tool that models mechanical
performance in virtual reconstructions of complex structures, such as animal skeletons. The …

The shapes of sexually selected weapons differ widely among species, but the drivers of this
diversity remain poorly understood. Existing explanations suggest weapon shapes reflect …

Selection for divergent performance optima has been proposed as a central mechanism
underlying adaptive radiation. Uncovering multiple optima requires identifying forms …

This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers,
horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as …

The self-conscious emotions of shame, humiliation and guilt are clearly related to our human
capacity for self-awareness and sense of self as an 'object in the minds of others'. However …

Molluscs are a highly successful group of invertebrates characterised by a specialised
feeding organ called the radula. The diversity of this structure is associated with distinct …

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) routinely experience violent impacts to the head as part of
intraspecific fighting. Dynamic 3D finite element models of the skull and horns of a male …

Cat-like carnivorous mammals represent a relatively homogeneous group of species whose
morphology appears constrained by exclusive adaptations for meat eating. We present the …

Several finite element models of a primate cranium were used to investigate the
biomechanical effects of the tooth sockets and the material behavior of the periodontal …