In living organisms, diffusing chemicals react with soft tissue to actuate a range of
mechanical actions, such as periodic pulsations or net motion. Inspired by this biological …

Microelectronic morphogenesis is the creation and maintenance of complex functional
structures by microelectronic information within shape‐changing materials. Only recently …

Chemical gardens are complex, often macroscopic, structures formed by precipitation
reactions. Their thin walls compartmentalize the system and adjust in size and shape if the …

Morphogenesis of active shells such as cells is a fundamental chemomechanical process
that often exhibits three-dimensional (3D) large deformations and chemical pattern …

Microelectronic morphogenesis is the creation and maintenance of complex functional
structures by microelectronic information within shape-changing materials. Only recently has …

The concept of origami has influenced the development of responsive materials that can
mimic complex functions performed by living organisms. An ultimate goal is to discover and …

A well understanding of instability mechanics of soft shell structures is key issue due to its
important implications in functional shape morphing, flexible electronics, soft robotics …

We report on the collective response of an assembly of chemomechanical Belousov-
Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogel beads. We first demonstrate that a single isolated spherical BZ …

In chemical solutions, the products of catalytic reactions can occupy different volumes
compared to the reactants and thus give rise to local density variations in the fluid. These …

Inspired by the self-organization of unicellular species into multicellular organisms, we use
theory and simulation to design a system of mobile, active microcapsules that produce …