Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that exerts both
homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system. In pathological …

Paraquat (PQ) is a cheap and an effective herbicide, which is widely being used worldwide
to remove weeds in cultivated crop fields. However, it can cause soil and water pollution …

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but
controversies persist. Studies reporting concentrations of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

Subsets of rodent neurons are reported to express major histocompatibility complex class I
(MHC-I), but such expression has not been reported in normal adult human neurons. Here …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases that affect an alarming
number of individuals. The etiological basis of ASD is unclear, and evidence suggests it …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disease, with genetics and environment contributing
to the disease onset. Recent studies of causative PD genes have confirmed the involvement …

Pesticides can exert numerous effects on human health as a consequence of both
environmental and occupational exposures. The available knowledge base suggests that …

Missense mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene result in late-onset
Parkinson's disease. The incomplete penetrance of LRRK2 mutations in humans and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by
the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta …

The organophosphate (OP) pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), used in agricultural settings,
induces developmental and neurological impairments. Recent studies using in vitro cell …