Although substance use and abuse may impact brain and behavior, it is still unclear why
some people become addicted while others do not. Neuroscientific theories explain …

Alcohol abuse can result in significant alterations to the structure of the brain and ultimately
to behavioral dysfunctions. Epidemiological studies have shown that alcoholism is closely …

Background The main neurobiological theories of the development of addiction, including
tolerance, sensitization, incentive-sensitization, and allostasis, have not been tested in …

Background The valine 66 to methionine (Met) polymorphism within the brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) sequence reduces activity-dependent BDNF release and is …

Naltrexone (NTX) has been widely studied for the treatment of alcohol use disorder with
overall support for its efficacy. The mechanisms of action of naltrexone are thought to involve …

Background Individual differences in the subjective experience of the pharmacological
effects of alcohol have long been implicated in the likelihood that one will drink heavily and …

Abstract Background and Aims There is wide inter‐individual variability in response to the
treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. To …

Background Annually, the use and abuse of alcohol contributes to millions of deaths and
billions of dollars in societal costs. To determine the impact of genetic variation on the …

Aims The association between alcohol use and sleep problems is well established and
clinically meaningful, particularly as predictors of relapse. This study aims to elucidate the …

This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 …