This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

With an estimated 9.4 million new cases globally, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major
public health concern. Eighty percent of all cases worldwide occur in 22 high-burden, mainly …

Viral sequence classification has wide applications in clinical, epidemiological, structural
and functional categorization studies. Most existing approaches rely on an initial alignment …

Objective: To estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and
recombinants between 2000 and 2007. Design: Country-specific HIV-1 molecular …

HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as
classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of …

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease
management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the …

HIV-1 genetic variability within individuals and populations plays a central role in the HIV
pandemic. Multiple zoonotic transmissions of SIV to humans have resulted in distinct HIV …

In the mid-1990s, the clinical care of patients with HIV infection changed fundamentally as a
result of the development and introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This led …

Haematological and immunological abnormalities abound in HIV infections. Reduced CD4+
T cells, changes in cytokine profiles, and impaired immunity are the key immunological …

HIV superinfection occurs when an individual with HIV is infected with a new distinct HIV
viral strain. Superinfection has been reported throughout the world, and studies have …