BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates
of memory–the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the …

In the hippocampus, spatial maps are formed by place cells while contextual memories are
thought to be encoded as engrams,,,,–. Engrams are typically identified by expression of the …

The last decade has produced exciting new ideas about retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and its
role in integrating diverse inputs. Here, we review the diversity in forms of spatial and …

Detection of incipient Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiology is critical to identify
preclinical individuals and target potentially disease-modifying therapies towards them …

The idea that memory is stored in the brain as physical alterations goes back at least as far
as Plato, but further conceptualization of this idea had to wait until the 20 th century when …

Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past
60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning …

In the brain, neuronal gene expression is dynamically changed in response to neuronal
activity. In particular, the expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) such as egr-1, c-fos …

Retrosplenial cortex is a region within the posterior neocortical system, heavily
interconnected with an array of brain networks, both cortical and subcortical, that is …

Intelligent behavior demands not only multiple forms of spatial representation, but also
coordination among the brain regions mediating those representations. Retrosplenial cortex …