Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system
development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The …

Allergic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. An increase in their prevalence has
been associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, ie, the microorganisms and their …

Microbiota-derived metabolites that elicit DNA damage can contribute to colorectal cancer
(CRC). However, the full spectrum of genotoxic chemicals produced by indigenous gut …

Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and
regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central …

A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in
the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), performing
complex functions in health and disease. It is now clear that multiple astrocyte subsets or …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut
microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide …

Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system.
Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this …