In metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ESR1 mutations are a common
cause of acquired resistance to the backbone of therapy, estrogen deprivation by aromatase …

Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer affecting women, encompasses a collection
of histologic (mainly ductal and lobular) and molecular subtypes exhibiting diverse clinical …

Macrophages are crucial innate immune cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and defend
against pathogens; however, their infiltration into tumors has been associated with adverse …

Constitutively active estrogen receptor α (ER/ESR1) mutations have been identified in
approximately one-third of ER+ metastatic breast cancers. Although these mutations are …

Autoimmune disease results from the immune response against self-antigens, while cancer
develops when the immune system does not respond to malignant cells. Thus, for years …

Mutations in the estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene are common in ER-positive breast cancer
patients who progress on endocrine therapies. Most mutations localise to just three residues …

Background: Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) is a secretion glycoprotein associated with the
immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The secretory mode of CHI3L1 makes …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER/ESR1) is frequently mutated in endocrine resistant ER-positive
(ER+) breast cancer and linked to ligand-independent growth and metastasis. Despite the …

Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is the most common type of both early and
advanced breast cancer. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a …

While breast cancer patients with tumors that express estrogen receptor α (ER) generally
respond well to hormone therapies that block ER activity, a significant number of patients …