Abstract Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to play important
roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers, as well as in angiogenesis. TAMs …

Despite many advances, metastatic disease remains essentially uncurable. Thus, there is an
urgent need to better understand mechanisms that promote metastasis, drive tumor …

Simple Summary In cancer, disseminated neoplastic cells circulating in blood are a source
of tumor DNA, RNA, and protein, which can be harnessed to diagnose, monitor, and better …

Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, and overall cancer-related
deaths are increasing. Despite the survival benefit from early detection, screening has to …

Purpose: Evidence suggests that PD-L1 can be induced with radiotherapy and may be an
immune escape mechanism in cancer. Monitoring this response is limited, as repetitive …

Although molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression have been extensively studied,
the biological nature of the various populations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within the …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have aroused increasing interest not only in mechanistic
studies of metastasis, but also for translational applications, such as patient monitoring …

Recent data suggest that most genotoxic agents in cancer therapy can lead to shock of
genome and increase in cell size, which leads whole genome duplication or multiplication …

Cell-cell fusion is a normal biological process playing essential roles in organ formation and
tissue differentiation, repair and regeneration. Through cell fusion somatic cells undergo …

PURPOSE Current diagnostic methods to determine programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor
and its ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI]) efficacy in …