The outer body surface of animals is complex and appears in a variety of forms from moist or
slimy, dry, soft, and leathery to hard, horny, or bony. The skin is often equipped with devices …

Spinopetal pathways may be activated by a variety of brainstem manipulations including
microinjections of morphine which are known to modulate spinal nociceptive processing …

The intrathecal administration of mu (morphine) and delta (D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin) but
not kappa agonists (ethylketocyclazocine, bremazocine and U50488H) or partial agonists …

The arachidonic acid derivative anandamide (arachidonylethan-olamide) has been isolated
from porcine brain and has been shown to bind competitively to the cannabinoid receptor …

Opiates by an action at specific receptors can induce a highly selective alteration in the
response of humans and animals to strong and otherwise aversive chemical, mechanical or …

Agonists acting at α2 adrenergic and opioid receptors have analgesic properties and act
synergistically when co-administered in the spinal cord; this synergy may also contribute to …

Systemic administration of analgesics can lead to serious adverse side effects
compromising therapeutic benefit in some patients. Information coding pain transmits along …

To investigate pre-synaptic influence of the descending noradrenergic system on the
primary afferents containing substance P (SP), effects of noradrenergic manipulations on the …

Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as" an unpleasant
sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or …

TWO highly-selective μ-opioid receptor agonists, endomorphin-1 and-2, were recently
purified from bovine brain and are postulated to be endogenous μ-opioid receptor ligands …