In the past decade there has been a growing interest in understanding sex and gender
differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the purpose of this review …

Pharmacological response depends on multiple factors and one of them is sex–gender.
Data on the specific effects of sex–gender on pharmacokinetics, as well as the safety and …

Objectives: This study sought to investigate sex differences in outcomes and responses to
spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) …

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in males and females. Whether
obesity triggers cardiovascular disease via similar mechanisms in both the sexes is …

While there is considerable evidence about sex-related differences between men and
women in drug metabolism, efficacy and safety of frequently prescribed drugs such as …

Several clinical and large population studies indicate that women are more salt-sensitive
than men, yet the precise mechanisms by which the sexually dimorphic onset manifests …

2 Hypertension January 2018 may vary based on racial and ethnic background, as shown
by Abate et al31 in their study in which black men did not display BMI-associated increases …

Most hypertensive cases are primary and heavily associated with modifiable risk factors like
salt intake. Evidence suggests that even small reductions in salt consumption reduce blood …

The pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases begins long prior to the
presentation of a cardiovascular event. In both men and women, cardiovascular events, and …

Compelling clinical evidence indicates that obesity and its associated metabolic
abnormalities supersede the protective effects of female sex-hormones and predisposes …