One of the most essential components of structural design for civil engineers is to build a
system that is resistant to environmental conditions such as harsh chemical environments …

Robot-assisted surgeries have been integrated and leading to a paradigm shift in surgical
fields. With the emergence of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS), especially Natural Orifice …

The development of rotary actuators is an important aspect of the engineering applications
of shape memory alloys. This article reviews about a hundred references on this topic, and …

Smart civil structures are capable of partially compensating the undesirable effects due to
external perturbations; they sense and react to the environment in a predictable and …

Actual endoscopes and boroscopes, widely used in industry and in minimal invasive
surgery, have considerable limitations, mainly due to their low number of degrees of …

Recently, sophisticated fluidic circuits with hundreds of independent valves have been built
by using multi-layer soft-lithography to mold elastomers. However, this shrinking of …

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are widely used across various industries, including medicine,
due to their inherent properties such as the shape memory effect, pseudo-elasticity …

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators deliver high forces while being compact and reliable,
making them ideal for consideration in aerospace applications. One disadvantage of these …

This paper introduces an indirect intelligent sliding mode controller (IISMC) for shape
memory alloy (SMA) actuators, specifically a flexible beam deflected by a single offset SMA …

Shape memory alloys (SMA) can be used to create actuators that are simple, high strength,
and inexpensive. These benefits come at the cost of low electrical efficiency, moderate …