Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Most bacteria release membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain specific cargo molecules and
have diverse functions, including the transport of virulence factors, DNA transfer, interception …

The widespread use of antibiotics results in the generation of antibiotic concentration
gradients in humans, livestock and the environment. Thus, bacteria are frequently exposed …

Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and
populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of …

The severity of human infection by one of the many Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
(STEC) is determined by a number of factors: the bacterial genome, the capacity of human …

Pathogenic bacteria must withstand diverse host environments during infection.
Environmental signals, such as pH, temperature, nutrient limitation, etc., not only trigger …

Most cases of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) are caused by
Shiga-toxin-producing bacteria; the pathophysiology differs from that of thrombotic …

Regardless of their targets and modes of action, subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics
can have an impact on cell physiology and trigger a large variety of cellular responses in …

In 1930, Felix d'Herelle wrote “... the actions and reactions are not solely between these two
beings, man and bacterium, for the bacteriophage also intervenes; a third living being and …

Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human
populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should …