Time and space are the basic building blocks of nature. As a unique existent in nature, our
brain exists in time and takes up space. The brain's activity itself also constitutes and …

Sevoflurane, a volatile anaesthetic agent well-tolerated for inhalation induction, provides a
useful opportunity to elucidate the processes whereby halogenated ethers disrupt …

Background Anaesthetic drugs act at sites within the brain that undergo profound changes
during typical ageing. We postulated that anaesthesia-induced brain dynamics observed in …

Penetrating intracortical electrode arrays that record brain activity longitudinally are powerful
tools for basic neuroscience research and emerging clinical applications. However …

General anesthesia (GA) is a reversible drug-induced state of altered arousal required for
more than 60,000 surgical procedures each day in the United States alone. Sedation and …

Sleep plays a key role in multiple cognitive functions and sleep pattern changes with aging.
Human studies revealed that aging decreases sleep efficiency and reduces the total sleep …

Objective. Implantable neural electrode devices are important tools for neuroscience
research and have an increasing range of clinical applications. However, the intricacies of …

Accurately measuring the neural correlates of consciousness is a grand challenge for
neuroscience. Despite theoretical advances, developing reliable brain measures to track the …

Background The isolated forearm test (IFT) is the gold standard test of connected
consciousness (awareness of the environment) during anaesthesia. The frontal alpha-delta …

Unconsciousness maintained by GABAergic anesthetics, such as propofol and sevoflurane,
is characterized by slow-delta oscillations (0.3 to 4 Hz) and alpha oscillations (8 to 14 Hz) …