An ideal animal model of atherosclerosis resembles human anatomy and pathophysiology
and has the potential to be used in medical and pharmaceutical research to obtain results …

Occlusive arterial disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aside
from balloon angioplasty, bypass graft surgery is the most commonly performed …

Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been unveiled as a common cause for
a multitude of human pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Vascular …

Intimal thickening, the accumulation of cells and extracellular matrix within the inner vessel
wall, is a physiological response to mechanical injury, increased wall stress, or chemical …

Recent evidence indicates that vascular progenitor cells may be the source of smooth
muscle cells (SMCs) that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions, but the origin of these …

Intimal hyperplasia is the process by which the cell population increases within the
innermost layer of the arterial wall, such as occurs physiologically during closure of the …

The endothelium that lines the interior of blood vessels is directly exposed to blood flow. The
shear stress arising from blood flow is “sensed” by the endothelium and is “transduced” into …

Apelin and its cognate G protein–coupled receptor APJ constitute a signaling pathway with a
positive inotropic effect on cardiac function and a vasodepressor function in the systemic …

The aim of this review was to highlight the most important complications of arteriovenous
fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis (HD). The quality of vascular access for HD should be …

High blood pressure is responsible for the modulation of blood vessel morphology and
function. Arterial hypertension is considered to play a significant role in atherosclerotic …