Despite significant progress in understanding the evolution of the mammalian brain,
relatively little is known of the patterns of evolutionary change in the avian brain. In …

Auditory feedback influences the development of vocalizations in songbirds and parrots;
however, little is known about the development of hearing in these birds. The auditory …

Hodological, electrophysiological, and ablation studies indicate a role for the basal forebrain
in telencephalic vocal control; however, to date the organization of the basal forebrain has …

The forkhead domain FOXP2 and FOXP1 transcription factors are implicated in several
cognitive disorders with language deficits, notably autism, and thus play a central role in …

The effects of complete and partial cochlear extirpation at ages 9–11 days posthatch were
assessed in 5 nestling budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) to determine if auditory …

Nissl staining and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d)
histochemistry were used to explore the existence of sexual dimorphism in vocal control …

The androgen receptor is a steroid hormone receptor widely expressed in the vocal control
nuclei in songbirds. Here, we analysed androgen receptor expression in the brains of …

The stress axis of the endocrine system allows for animals to respond to environmental
stressors in contextually appropriate ways. Elevated levels of the stress hormone …

Bilateral lesions targeting the central nucleus of the anterior archistriatum (AAc) were placed
in nestling budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) aged 5, 9, 13, 22, 26, and 33 days post …

The distribution of iron in the brain of a vocal learning parrot, the budgerigar (Melopsittacus
undulatus), was examined using iron histochemistry. In mammals, iron is a highly specific …