Tropical forests are experiencing increasing impacts from a multitude of anthropogenic
activities such as logging and conversion to agricultural use. These perturbations are …

The transmission of vector-borne protozoa such as parasites of the Order Haemosporida is
dependent on both biotic and abiotic factors such as host life history traits and environmental …

Although crucial for host survival when facing persistent parasite pressure, costly immune
functions will inevitably compete for resources with other energetically expensive traits such …

Vector-transmitted haemosporidians are among the most common parasites in birds, but our
knowledge of the inter-specific patterns of infection rates and the parasite community …

Background Avian haemosporidia infect both domestic and wild birds, causing anemia,
acute tissue degeneration, and depopulation in wild birds. Poultry and wild birds have been …

Avian haemosporidians are parasites with great capacity to spread to new environments
and new hosts, being considered a good model to host-parasite interactions studies. Here …

Abstract Avian haemosporidian (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium) are vector-
transmitted protozoan parasites highly prevalent in various bird species. Still, their …

The diversity of waterbirds is threatened, and haemosporidian parasite infection is
considered one of the most important causative factors. However, to date, only a few studies …

Aging is associated with declines in physiological performance; declining immune defenses
particularly could have consequences for age-related fitness and survival. In aging …

Simple Summary Over thirty percent of bird species are undergoing population declines and
are threatened with extinction in Portugal. Several reasons have been proposed to explain …