We know that blood plasma contains many proteins and also other components that bind
copper. The largest contributor to copper in the plasma is ceruloplasmin, which accounts for …

A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease
(PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma …

Iron is ubiquitous in the environment and in biology. The study of iron biology focuses on
physiology and homeostasis—understanding how cells and organisms regulate their iron …

Iron is vital for almost all living organisms by participating in a wide variety of metabolic
processes, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and electron transport. However, iron …

With rare exceptions, virtually all studied organisms from Archaea to man are dependent on
iron for survival. Despite the ubiquitous distribution and abundance of iron in the biosphere …

Aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism. Affected
individuals evidence iron accumulation in tissue parenchyma in association with absent …

The understanding of iron metabolism at the molecular level has been enormously
expanded in recent years by new findings about the functioning of transferrin, the transferrin …

Plants directly assimilate minerals from the environment and thus are key for acquisition of
metals by all subsequent consumers. Limited bio-availability of copper, zinc and iron in soil …

Multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) are a small group of enzymes that oxidize their substrate with
the concomitant reduction of dioxygen to two water molecules. Generally, multi-copper …

Cellular oxygen partial pressure is sensed by a family of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD)
enzymes that modify hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α subunits. Upon hydroxylation under …