Monitoring the environment for pollution, pesticides, and pathogens is crucial for protecting
human, agriculture, and overall ecosystem health. Diverse strategies ranging from physical …

Wild and managed bees are essential for global food security and the maintenance of
biodiversity. At present, the conservation of wild bees is hampered by a huge shortfall in …

Viruses are omnipresent, yet the knowledge on drivers of viral prevalence in wild host
populations is often limited. Biotic factors, such as sympatric managed host species, as well …

The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is of major economic and ecological importance,
with elevated rates of colony losses in temperate regions over the last two decades thought …

Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There
is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global …

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant–pollinator extinctions and
modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host …

Demand for food is growing along with the human population, leading to an increase in
plant production. Many crops are pollinated by insects, so the global demand for managed …

In light of bee declines, the importance of pollination services from managed and native
bees to our agriculture and economy is of great political, scientific and public interest …

Highlights•Over 80 different species of bees have been introduced around the world.•Non-
native bees range from solitary to social, and managed to unmanaged.•There exists a …

Highlights•Despite growing awareness, pollinators still face mounting threats.•Honey bees
are the most important but least imperilled crop pollinator.•Honey bee popularity can be …